Overlays were born in the modern era out of necessity.1 When concrete needed to be refurbished and restored, but could not be elevated to the decorative concrete status, another material was needed to fill the void.
The face of mid-rise construction may well be changing in Canada. In British Columbia, about 285 wood-frame mid-rise buildings have been built or are under construction, and the trend is moving east as six-storey wood frame construction is in the process of being adopted by several provincial codes.
There is a great deal of confusion in the world of flat concrete floor surfaces. On one side of the discussion are the people who place concrete floors—the concrete floor finishers.
Just as important as any other element in a construction project, the selection of the right formwork greatly affects the project’s schedule, labour requirements, quality, and total cost. Over the years, formwork moulds have evolved from traditional job-built timber to pre-engineered systems composed of a combination of steel, aluminum, manufactured timber, plywood, and plastics.
Researchers from Universiti Teknologi MARA in Selangor, Malaysia, discovered sewer sludge is a potential alternative cement material for making concrete. Kartini Kamaruddin and her team produced domestic waste sludge powder (DWSP) by drying and burning wet sludge cakes to remove moisture, then grounding and sieving into a powder.
Fraser Valley Conservancy worked with cement manufacturer Lafarge to create an innovative concrete tunnel for amphibian protection. Since 2008, the Fraser Valley Conservancy has been working with local landowners in the Ryder Lake area of Chilliwack, B.C. to study migration patterns of local amphibians. There are six species in the area, including Western toads, Northern Red-legged frogs, Pacific Chorus frogs, Northwestern salamanders, long-toed salamanders, and rough-skinned newts.
When it comes to buildings, routine maintenance is expected on any structure as wear and tear is inevitable. However, the difference between small repairs and a major retrofit or rehabilitation is significant. Referring to De Sitter’s Law of Fives, a major repair can be expected to cost roughly five times what routine maintenance would have cost.
Canada’s building codes have historically been formulated, at least in part, based on accumulated historic climate data that ultimately provides the essential criteria for most key building component performance characteristics. However, there are indications climate may be beginning to change. If buildings do, in fact, experience different environmental conditions over the next 40 years, these changes could potentially have a significant impact on our building stock.
The American Concrete Institute (ACI) awarded Ahmad (Amir) Shahroodi, a student at the University of Ottawa, for his paper on non-destructive testing (NDT) of concrete structures. Shahroodi, who is working toward his doctorate in civil engineering, is a concrete materials and durability specialist.
Already in use in the United States and in many European countries, metakaolin is still little known in Canada. Nevertheless, both international projects and early experiences in the province have shown the additive makes for durable, attractive, and more environmentally sound concrete.
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